ÿþ<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <TITLE>The Great 5th Dalai Lama - Ngawang Losang Gyatso - TibetTravel.Org</TITLE> <meta name="description" content="Ngawang Losang Gyatso (1617-1682)---the fifth Dalai Lama, was the frist to combine the spiritual and secular rulership of Tibet effectively. He was believed to be the reincarnations of Gendun Druba---a follower of Tsong Khapathe (1357-1419) who founded the Gelukpas school. The most significant achievements of the fifth Dalai Lama was that ,for the first time since mid-nith century, he successfully united the three province of Tibet in 1642."> <meta name="keywords" content="Ngawang Losang Gyatso,The 5th Dalai Lama"> <link href="http://www.tibettravel.org/tibettravel/css/list.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="http://www.tibettravel.org/tibettravel/css/list_mod.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body> <div id="warrper"> <div id="header"> <div id="top"> <div id="left"><strong>Service Call:</strong>(+86)-28-85552138 <strong> Tibet Travel Service and Tibet Tour Operator</strong></div> <div id="right"> <a href="http://www.tibet-travel.net/" target="_blank" class="style63">Francais</a> | <a href="http://www.chinese-tours.com" target="_blank" class="style63">Japanese</a> | <a href="http://www.china-panda.com" target="_blank" class="white">Sichuan</a> | <a href="http://www.6trip.com" target="_blank" class="white">Yuannan</a> | <a href="http://www.57qh.com" target="_blank" class="white">Qinghai</a> </div> </div><!--/ top--> <div id="head_banner"> <div id="logo"></div> <div id="headPic"><a href="http://www.tibettravel.org"><img src="http://www.tibettravel.org/images/pic.jpg" alt="Tibettravel.Org new edition website" border="0" ></a></div> <div id="server"> <p class="STYLE10">24/7 SERVICE</p> <p>Tel: (+86)-28-85552138</p> <p>Email: <a href="mailto:inquiry@tibettravel.org" >inquiry@tibettravel.org</a></p> <p>Online Contact:<a href="skype:china3737?call"><img src="http://www.tibettravel.org/tibettravel/list/image/skype.png" alt="Call me!" width="45" height=20 border=0></a><a href="msnim:chat?contact=china3737@hotmail.com"><img height=20 alt="Call me!" src="http://www.tibettravel.org/tibettravel/list/image/msn.gif" border=0></a> <!--MSN conversation over --></p> </div><!--/ server--> </div><!--/ head_banner--> <div id="nav"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.tibettravel.org/"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tibet-tour/"><span>Tibet Tours</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tibet-hotel/"><span>Tibet Hotels</span></a></li> <li><a href="/flights-to-tibet/"><span>Flights to Tibet</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tibet-train/"><span>Tibet Train</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tibet-travel-guide/"><span>Tibet Travel Guide</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tibettravel/list/list_2556_1.html" class="nav_red"><span>Group Tours</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.tibettravel.org/tibettravel/list/list_2044_1.html"><span>About Tibet</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tibettravel/Html/20063231201-1.html"><span>About Us</span></a></li> <li><a href="/tibettravel/feedback/" class="last"><span>Feedback</span></a></li> </ul> </div><!--/ nav--> </div><!--/ header--> <div id="main"> <div id="leftMain"> <div id="add"> <p><a href="http://www.tibettravel.org">Home</a><xoYu_CMS_CODE:NEWS:NEWS_TYPE> > <a href="../list/list_2009_1.Html">tibet landscape</a> > <a href="../list/list_2017_1.Html">Lhasa Area and around</a> > <a href="../list/list_2445_1.Html">Lhasa Attractions</a> > <a href="../list/list_2446_1.Html">Potala Palace</a></xoYu_CMS_CODE:NEWS:NEWS_TYPE></p> </div><!--/ add--> <div id="leftMainContent"> <h1 class="title">The Great 5th Dalai Lama - Ngawang Losang Gyatso</h1> <p class="atten"> <span></span> </p> <div class="txt"> <p>Brief introduction&nbsp;</p> <p>Ngawang Losang Gyatso (1617-1682)---the fifth Dalai Lama, was the frist to combine the spiritual and secular rulership of Tibet effectively. He was believed to be the reincarnations of Gendun Druba---a follower of Tsong Khapathe (1357-1419) who founded the Gelukpas school. The most significant achievements of the fifth Dalai Lama was that ,for the first time since mid-nith century, he successfully united the three province of Tibet in 1642.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>The Way to POWER</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>In the early 1600s, the attendants of the Fourth Dalai Lama insulted King Karma Phuntsok Namgyal of Tsang and the King attacked Gelukpa monasteries, Drebung and Sera, in Lhasa. According to Snellgrove and Richardson 's report, his anger derived from the Gelukpas' refusal to pay the King &quot;certain religious consecrations&quot;. After the war, many Gelukpas monasteries were converted to the Karmapa sect, who was an allay of the Tsang King, while others were violently blockaded or harassed. In 1619, the chief attendant of the Fourth Dalai Lama got the news that the young Fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Losang Gyatso, was at the same time recognized as a Karmapa reincarnation by the Karmapa sect. In order to keep him safe from the Karmapas and the King of Tsang, the Gelukpas brought him to Nankartse. However, it is believed that the Dalai Lama was poisoned to death.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>In 1620, when the Mongols camped near Lhasa and attacked Tsang blockade, there were only the mediation of the Panchen Lama and other prominent figures tried all their efforts to prevent a major war. In 1621, with the death of Karma Phuntsok Namgyal to clear the way, the Fifth Dalai Lama was announced the following year, and was initiated as a monk three years after.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Because of the fear of the Karmupa sect's oppression, few people would convert to the Gelukpas. The concern that their religion would vanish spreaded among the people. A religious war was initiated by Gushri Khan, chief of the Qoshut Mongols, with other Mongol tribes as allies, to help the fifth Dalai Lama. In 1638, the tie between the fifth Dalai Lama and Gushri Khan was further improved as they gave the other religious or political title.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>However, Gushri Khan prepared a surprise attack on the Beri army in Kham as he received a letter from Beri chief to the king of Tsang planning to annihilate the Gelukpas. But the Dalai Lama opposed his plan by saying that the Tsang sect was not as hostile as before. Besides, the fault should partly owed to the disrespectful behaviour of the Gelukpas for the king of Tsang,. He even chastized his chief attendant for his supportive attitude on this matter.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>In 1640, Gushri Khan defeated the chief of Beri, and in the following year he controlled all of Kham. Gushri Khan's forces then met Sonam Chospel after the latter conquered remaining areas that were still loyal to Tsang and they defeated Tsang's young King. Thus the Fifth Dalai Lama was made religious and political ruler of Tibet in a following celebration.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Build Relations with Neighbours</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>The fifth Dalai Lama had a keen observations of other cultures, although he was ill-treated by his defeated enemies. They even forced him to convert Buddist schools to the Gelukpa sect. Indian scholars were invited to Tibet. The Lama also got services of important lamas from other Buddhist sects and evenof the Tsang ministers. Facing the criticism of pluralism, he said that he chose to know other cultures instead of being ignorant to them. He further supported the foundation of many Nyingmapa monasteries and even allowed the re-establishment of Karmupa monasteries. The cultural ties with India, Mongol tribes, and the Manchu rulers of China were all renown by him. Manchu Emperor invited the Fifth Dalai Lama to China for many times, no matter how discrepant the two traditions seemed to be. Those meetings were between two equal positions instead of the later Chinese opinion. He also commented :</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>&quot;The older orders may preserve some bitter memories of the fifth Dalai</p> <p>Lama, for no one likes a diminution of wealth and power, but there is</p> <p>no doubt that without his moderating and controlling hand, their lot</p> <p>might have been very much worse.&quot;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Cultural Impact</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>The fifth Dalai Lama greatly influenced the role of Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet. In his rebuilding of the Potala, he strongly emphasized the connection between the Dalai Lama and Avalokitesvara. The name of the Potala also came from a mountain attributed to the divine palace of Avalokitesvara. Thus, the concept of Dalai Lama being the incarnation of Avalokitesvara was enforced.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>He highly placed the duty of the Dalai Lama as both the political and spiritual leader. He created kings' and priests' new year on consecutive days. He also raided the storage space for ceremonial objects used by Gyaltsen who had tried to restore old&ldquo;ceremonial and legal practices to Tibet.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Influences</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>The fifth Dalai Lama formed the whole government by making laws, appointing officials and establishing their uniforms. Representatives were sent to the border towns of Kham and areas in central Tibet to reduce heavy taxes, resolve feuding, establish monasteries, and resettle abandoned areas. His actions were regarded as the demonstrations of his power.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>His architectural achievements are also considerable. He rebuilt the great Potala Palace, founded the great Labrang monastery in Kham and built other monasteries dominating hilltops. He abandoned the tradition of hiding such buildings in mountains or hills and made many of them spectacular. Among all his constructions, the Potala Palace is no doubt the most outstanding one.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>He also made great contributions in literature. He wrote more works than any other Dalai Lama did. His works included a commentary on the Abhidharmakosa , rhetoric and astrology, a treatise on monastic discipline, guide to Jo-lehang, a history of Tibet, and a book about the composition of poetry</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> <div class="pagebreak">page:<strong><a href="../Html/201012823929-1.Html">[1]page</a>&nbsp;</strong></div> <div id="txtBottom"> <span>[<A href="javascript:doPrint()"> Printing</A>] [<A class=black href="javascript:window.close()">Closure</A>]</span> </div><!--/ txtBottom--> <div id="next" style="margin-left:20px;"> <div> <p> <span style="font-size:12px; font-weight:bold;">More Information Related to Potala Palace</span></p> <ul> <xoYu_CMS_CODE:NEWS:NEWS_TOP><a title="Fundamental Informations of Potala Palace" href="../Html/2010411224041-1.Html">Fundamental Informations of Potala Palace</a><p><a title="Reserve Tickets to Potala Palace in advance" href="../Html/2010411211136-1.Html">Reserve Tickets to Potala Palace in advance</a><p><a title="Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng" href="../Html/2010411204950-1.Html">Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng</a><p><a title="The Potala Palace Visit Routemap" href="../Html/201041120363-1.Html">The Potala Palace Visit Routemap</a><p><a title="Potala Palace " href="../Html/2010411203215-1.Html">Potala Palace </a><p><a title="The Great 5th Dalai Lama - Ngawang Losang Gyatso" href="../Html/201012823929-1.Html">The Great 5th Dalai Lama - Ngawang Losang Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 6th Daila Lama - Tsangyang Gyatso" href="../Html/201012823747-1.Html">The 6th Daila Lama - Tsangyang Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 7th Dalai Lama - Kezang Gyatso" href="../Html/201012823646-1.Html">The 7th Dalai Lama - Kezang Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 8th Dalai Lama - Jamphel Gyatso" href="../Html/201012823439-1.Html">The 8th Dalai Lama - Jamphel Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 9th dalai lama - Lungtok Gyatso" href="../Html/201012823232-1.Html">The 9th dalai lama - Lungtok Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 10th Dalai Lama - Lungtok Gyatso" href="../Html/201012823125-1.Html">The 10th Dalai Lama - Lungtok Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 11th Dalai Lama - Khedrup Gyatso" href="../Html/201012822956-1.Html">The 11th Dalai Lama - Khedrup Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 12th Dalai Lama - Trinley Gyatso" href="../Html/201012822830-1.Html">The 12th Dalai Lama - Trinley Gyatso</a><p><a title="The 13th Dalai Lama - Thubten Gyatso" href="../Html/201012813644-1.Html">The 13th Dalai Lama - Thubten Gyatso</a><p><a title="Three Potala Palaces in Tibet" href="../Html/201012812536-1.Html">Three Potala Palaces in Tibet</a><p><a title="The Treasure Hall of Potala Palace" href="../Html/201012811922-1.Html">The Treasure Hall of Potala Palace</a><p><a title="The Second-phase Renovation of Potala Palace" href="../Html/201012811037-1.Html">The Second-phase Renovation of Potala Palace</a><p><a title="Living Buddhas Reincarnation System" href="../Html/201012804959-1.Html">Living Buddhas Reincarnation System</a><p><a title="Drubthub Nunnery & Palha Lu-puk" href="../Html/201012803335-1.Html">Drubthub Nunnery & Palha Lu-puk</a><p><a title="The Potala Kora" href="../Html/201012802029-1.Html">The Potala Kora</a><p></xoYu_CMS_CODE:NEWS:NEWS_TOP></ul> </div> </div> </div> <!--/ leftMainContent--> </div><!--/ leftMain--> <div id="rightMain"> <div id="thisformdiv"> <form action=" http://www.tibettravel.org/tibettravel/order/order_save.asp" method="post" id="thisform" name="myform" onSubmit="return check()"> <fieldset> <legend>Want a Quick Answer?</legend> <p><label for="name" accesskey="9">Name:&nbsp;</label> <input type="text" id="name" name="Fullname" tabindex="1"></p> <p> <label for="email">Email:&nbsp;</label> <input type="text" id="email" name="Email"tabindex="2"></p> <p> <label for="request">Your Request</label> <input type="text" value="3" name="type1" style="display:none" /> <input type="text" value="Quick Book" name="title" style="display:none" /> <label> <textarea name="content" id="text1" rows="3" onBlur="if (value ==''){value='Question not answered? 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